Northern Virginia Criminal Justice Training Academy (NVCJTA) Exam 1 Practice

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• When does jeopardy attach in a bench trial?
• Which statement best describes the Random patrol pattern?
• Which resource is explicitly named for terrorism screening?
• The U.S. Constitution requires an indictment to be issued by which body?
• Which statement best describes Double Jeopardy?
• Which amendment grants the privilege against compelled self-incrimination?
• What are the three sources of accountability for an officer?
• A pat down can be done during a investigatory stop if an officer reasonably believes that a suspect may be ...
• If you and your partner did not follow the principles of contact and cover, which problem would you most likely encounter?
• Double Jeopardy means a defendant cannot be tried twice for the same what?
• Disseminating criminal history information to any agency or person in violation constitutes which class misdemeanor?
• In the context of police stops, what does covering entail?
• Which is a recommended practice when communicating with culturally diverse people?
• Which term describes a crime punished by confinement in a state penitentiary?
• Which circumstance allows a pat down for weapons during a stop?
• Which statement is NOT a listed step for effective communication?
• Which of the following is a physiological symptom of stress?
• Which entity is primarily responsible for creating common or case law?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a resource for civil-case assistance?
• Reasonable suspicion for a frisk requires what type of facts?
• Under the Fourth Amendment, warrants shall issue upon probable cause and must be supported by what?
• Stress is defined as?
• Bailiffs are employees of which department whose duties include maintaining court security and order?
• Which resource is explicitly named as a center dealing with terrorism screening?
• Local ordinances can differ between jurisdictions. Which example illustrates this variation?
• Under Terry v. Ohio, what may an officer do during a stop if they reasonably believe the individual may be armed?
• Reasonable suspicion is defined as facts, standing alone, which are not sufficient to indicate that a crime has or is being committed but indicate that what?
• What is required for a stop to be justified?
• If an appeal is granted, what outcomes may occur?
• Full Criminal Immunity DUI: what is allowed?
• Bailiffs are responsible for which task?
• Which of the following is NOT a purpose of an arraignment?
• Which cases are heard in General District Court?
• Information supplied by other people that help establish probable cause includes which of the following?
• What does Spirit of the Law mean?
• Where are preliminary hearings held in felony cases?
• Which perceptions help establish probable cause?
• In Sec. 242, who can be criminally liable for depriving someone of constitutional rights under color of law?
• Which of the following are the three elements of an arrest?
• What is the most significant role of the Cover Officer?
• What does 15.2-1425 establish in Virginia law?
• For which crimes are Grand Jury and Indictment procedures used?
• Which resource is described as a center that aggregates data on suspicious persons in Virginia?
• What does the Magistrate issue upon determining probable cause?
• Compensatory damages are intended to:
• Which of the following is a cognitive symptom besides memory problems?
• Which group is not listed as requiring adjustments in communication?
• Which statement is true about bail conditions?
• What does LODD stand for?
• Which Virginia court handles misdemeanor and traffic trials?
• Which factors are considered in beat coverage?
• Which amendment protects the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures?
• When does jeopardy attach in a jury trial?
• In bench trials of criminal cases, who determines guilt or innocence and sets punishment?
• Stopping Congressmen and Legislators for traffic infractions: what should occur?
• Which is NOT a source of accountability?
• Title 18 U.S.C. Sec. 241 covers:
• Under the Fourth Amendment, warrants must particularly describe which of the following?
• A pat down is a protective and limited pat down of the ______ to determine if they suspect possesses a ______.
• Which component beyond mere planning must occur to constitute an 'Attempt'?
• Optimal Short Term Stress involves which process?
• Which amendment includes protection for persons, houses, papers, and property against unreasonable searches and seizures?
• If you need information on suspicious persons from the Virginia region, which resource would you contact?
• In criminal law, the standard of proof is?
• Which of the following is a basic physical attribute an officer should convey when in public?
• Indictment is defined as which of the following?
• In the listed resources, which one is a fusion center?
• What is the primary purpose of a frisk?
• Courts may award which combination of damages?
• The Fourth Amendment protects against which of the following?
• Actus Reus is defined as?
• For misdemeanors and felonies, the arraignment occurs in which court?
• If during a stop, the officer gains sufficient facts to constitute probable cause, the suspect can be...
• Alarm reaction is best described as which of the following?
• Which of the following is a qualification that a Virginia judge must have?
• Which of the following is NOT a bail condition?
• Which statement about the three sources of accountability is accurate?
• Which standard of proof requires articulable facts and reasonable inferences to lead to belief that a crime has been or is about to be committed?
• Which court is the highest trial court in Virginia and conducts jury trials?
• Which statement best describes an arraignment?
• Misdemeanor: lesser seriousness than a felony with punishment that might include a fine or jail for not more than one year.
• What is the typical sequence for Preparation for Patrol as described?
• Mandatory Disclosures include which items?
• What does 15.2-926 authorize localities to do?
• Which amendments are cited as impacting the manner in which officers conduct certain actions?
• Under Title 42 U.S.C. Section 1983, who pays attorney fees?
• In conducting a pat down, if an officer feels a hard object and has a reasonable belief that the object may be a weapon, the officer may...
• What is the primary purpose of bail or bond?
• Under an investigatory detention, when may a police officer perform a pat-down search?
• Concurrent sentence means defendants serve all the sentences:
• During which type of stress can we not fight or flee?
• Which statement about nominal damages is true?
• What is the primary purpose of noting observations during Roll Call?
• Reasonable suspicion of criminal activity allows an officer to...
• Which item is NOT listed as a method to prevent/avoid civil liability?
• When passing on the right during an emergency, you may use only:
• Under VA law, monetary claims against state or local government require what condition, except inmate cases?
• A person being approached by an officer and free to leave describes which type of encounter?
• Which statement best describes the arraignment's role in the criminal process?
• What is the purpose of maintaining a reactionary gap?
• How is the Commonwealth Attorney chosen?
• Mes Rea refers to which element of a crime?
• Which statement about After Hours Business Checks is true?
• An Ordinance is best described as?
• In the federal system, Virginia belongs to which circuit?
• What determines whether force used in an arrest is reasonable?
• Which of the following is not a basic patrol pattern?
• Which resource is used for screening persons of interest on a nationwide scale?
• Conspiracy is defined as?
• Which practice is recommended when communicating with culturally diverse people?
• During Roll Call, which activities are typical?
• If no new facts discovered during a stop that constitutes probable cause, the suspect is...
• Which statement correctly describes jeopardy attachments in both jury and bench trials?
• What is a key practice for officer safety mentioned in the Knowledge + Skills Needed section?
• What is the recommended reactionary gap during a subject stop?
• Which resource coordinates terrorism screening activities at the national level?
• Which resource is identified as the fusion center in the suspicious person resources?
• Which Virginia court conducts preliminary hearings on felonies?
• Which is the first stage of the stress reaction?
• Under the Privacy Act of 1976, what liability may officers face?
• Which group is explicitly listed as needing adjustments in communication due to mobility challenges?
• Which statement describes sentences served one after another?
• All juvenile records are maintained _______ from adult records.
• Section 242 is the criminal counterpart of which civil rights statute?
• Which is NOT listed as an outcome of a suspicious subject stop?
• Punitive damages are awarded to:
• The Fifth Amendment provides a privilege against what?
• Which information should be included when marking out for a suspicious vehicle?
• ''Due Regard for Safety'' means:
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a knowledge or skill needed for officers?
• Resistance Stage: What is its primary function?
• Which of the following are elements of an investigatory detention?
• Record keeping procedures require records to be which?
• An arraignment is described as which type of hearing?
• What describes enforcing the law as literally written, regardless of circumstances?
• Felony: a crime punishable by confinement in a state penitentiary.
• Which of the following is explicitly listed as an area of liability risk?
• First Amendment rights include which of the following freedoms?
• During After Hours Checks, identifying the suspicious or irregular activity is recommended. Which option reflects this step?
• The U.S. District Court is the federal equivalent of which Virginia court?
• Which are two ways to destroy criminal records?
• What are the three main factors that impact whether an LEO may exercise discretion?
• To obtain an arrest or search warrant, an officer must recite sufficient facts to constitute what?
• Which statement best differentiates civil law from criminal law?
• Magistrate is a judicial officer who provides an independent review of complaints brought by police officers, deputies, and citizens.
• Distress is defined as which of the following?
• Which resource would you contact to obtain information from a Virginia-based fusion center about suspicious persons?
• Which of the following can provide information that helps establish probable cause?
• Which statement accurately describes a pat down under Terry?
• Which patrol pattern is good for foot or bike patrol?
• Which court handles preliminary hearings on felonies?
• The defense attorney represents whom?
• During a subject stop, which two positioning considerations are recommended?
• Which physiological changes occur during alarm reaction?
• What is the purpose of a circular patrol pattern?
• Which activity is listed as an area of liability risk for law enforcement?
• If a magistrate refuses to issue an arrest warrant for a person in the officer's custody, which of the following is true?
• During alarm reaction, which brain region receives the distress signal to increase energy?
• Nominal damages are awarded when:
• Diplomatic Immunity is defined as?
• The defense of \
• Under Full Criminal Immunity, which statement is true?
• What should you know about shift information when planning beat coverage?
• In civil cases, what is the standard of proof?
• What is the contact officer's main function?
• Which organization is listed as a suspicious person resource that functions as a fusion center?
• Which Virginia court is the only one that conducts jury trials?
• Which resource is explicitly described as handling terrorism screening at the federal level?
• Which statement describes the liability categories an officer may face?
• Which of the following is a cognitive symptom of chronic stress?
• Which action is not permitted solely on reasonable suspicion?
• Which of the following is typically consulted for civil case representation?
• When marking out for a suspicious vehicle, which elements should be communicated?
• Punishment for a misdemeanor may include:
• Which organization would be the go-to for a fusion center perspective on suspicious persons?
• The degree of force needed to secure the person while trying to minimize injury to the arrestee or to the officer is:
• Which resource handles national-level screening of high-risk individuals?
• What is the primary role of a Grand Jury in felony cases?
• Civil law deals with which type of rights?
• Which statement is true regarding Virginia's court hierarchy?
• Which resource would you contact for fusion center information related to suspicious persons?
• Which of the following could constitute reasonable suspicion?
• In the example used for marking out a suspicious vehicle, which details are included?
• Which practice should be avoided during a subject stop to reduce risk?
• What types of trained animals help establish probable cause?
• Deadly force may be used to protect officer or others from imminent threat of serious injury or death. Which statement is true?
• At arraignment, which item is typically clarified?
• How does the Spirit of the Law relate to its literal text?
• The ''Good faith'' defense against a Section 1983 lawsuit BEST states that:
• Criminal law deals with violations of any law or ordinance.
• Which of the following is a psychological/emotional symptom of chronic stress?
• What is the formula for an 'Attempt'?
• The criminal liability under color of law for depriving rights is found in which statute?
• Who created common and case law?
• Which statement best describes the role of local government regarding ordinances?
• Probable cause to arrest is defined as articulable facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable police officer, in light of their experience and training, to believe that a particular person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime.
• Which of the following describes a role of the judge?
• Which are factors for Emergency Vehicle Operation?
• An indictment typically includes which items?
• An encounter with a police officer in which the subject is free to disregard the officer and leave is best described as what?
• Consecutive sentence refers to serving two or more sentences:
• Eustress refers to?
• What is the purpose of preliminary hearings?
• Which element constitutes an arrest?
• Which organization is listed as the national center for terrorism screening?
• What defines reasonable suspicion for a stop?
• Which statement about Reasonable Force is correct?
• Under 15.2-926, localities may implement curfews for minors during which hours?